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The oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) is a species of fish from the cichlid family known under a variety of common names, including tiger oscar, velvet cichlid, and marble cichlid. [2] In tropical South America, where the species naturally resides, A. ocellatus specimens are often found for sale as a food fish in the local markets.
Irrigation is the process of artificially applying water to soil to allow plant growth. This term is preferably used when large amounts of water is applied to dry, arid regions in order to facilitate plant growth. The process of irrigation not only increases the growth rate of the plant but also increases the yield amount.
Growing degrees (GDs) is defined as the number of temperature degrees above a certain threshold base temperature, which varies among crop species. The base temperature is that temperature below which plant growth is zero. GDs are calculated each day as maximum temperature plus the minimum temperature divided by 2, minus the base temperature.
Agronomic studies often focus on the above-ground part of plant biomass, and consider crop growth rates rather than individual plant growth rates. Nonetheless there is a strong corollary between the two approaches. More specifically, the ULR as discussed above shows up in crop growth analysis as well, as: = . = .
The plant becomes rather low maintenance after planting. [10] The plant requires to be weeded 3-4 times in the first year and annually in the following years. [11] Manure can be applied to the soil during the second weeding to provide the best yields in the first year. [11] The pits need to be fenced off to protect the plants from grazing. [11]
The soil moisture regime, often reflective of climatic factors, is a major determinant of the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems, including agricultural systems. The soil moisture regimes are defined based on the levels of the groundwater table and the amounts of soil water available to plants during a given year in a particular region.
The concept, put forward by Frank Veihmeyer and Arthur Hendrickson, [3] assumed that the water readily available to plants is the difference between the soil water content at field capacity (θ fc) and permanent wilting point (θ pwp): θ a ≡ θ fc − θ pwp
A general model suggests that the rate of physical weathering of bedrock (de/dt) can be represented as an exponential decline with soil thickness: / = [] where h is soil thickness [m], P 0 [mm/year] is the potential (or maximum) weathering rate of bedrock and k [m −1] is an empirical constant. [1]