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A telephone exchange, also known as a telephone switch or central office, is a crucial component in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) or large enterprise telecommunications systems. It facilitates the interconnection of telephone subscriber lines or digital system virtual circuits, enabling telephone calls between subscribers.
Telephone numbers listed in 1920 in New York City having three-letter exchange prefixes. In the United States, the most-populous cities, such as New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, and Chicago, initially implemented dial service with telephone numbers consisting of three letters and four digits (3L-4N) according to a system developed by W. G. Blauvelt of AT&T in 1917. [1]
Most automated telephone exchanges use digital switching rather than mechanical or analog switching. The trunks connecting the exchanges are also digital, called circuits or channels. However analog two-wire circuits are still used to connect the last mile from the exchange to the telephone in the home (also called the local loop).
A telephone number serves as an address for switching telephone calls using a system of destination code routing. [1] Telephone numbers are entered or dialed by a calling party on the originating telephone set, which transmits the sequence of digits in the process of signaling to a telephone exchange.
The telephone number may be subdivided into a prefix that may identify a more specific geographic location or a telephone exchange, and the rest of the number. For example, in the number (301) 555 - 1212 , 301 is the area code and 555 is the prefix.
The 555 exchange is not reserved in area codes used for toll-free phone numbers. This led to the video game The Last of Us accidentally including the number to a phone-sex operator. [9] The number "555-2368" (or 311-555-2368) is a carryover from the "EXchange 2368" ("Exchange CENTral") number common in telephone advertisements as early as the ...
The First Telephone Exchange was a historic site located in New Haven, Connecticut, notable for being the site of the world's first commercial telephone exchange. The exchange was established by George W. Coy, proprietor of the District Telephone Company of New Haven, in 1878. Coy had built the world's first commercial telephone switchboard ...
EMS-1 (The ITEC Electronic Modular Switch is an electronic direct control switching system. The modules are combined to form a complete switch or any of the modules can be added to your present Step-by-Step Systems.) EMS-2 (The EMS-2 RURAL SWITCH is a stored program control analog switch designed to be cost-effective in small exchanges.