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  2. Lewis acids and bases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_acids_and_bases

    The ECW model is a quantitative model that describes and predicts the strength of Lewis acid base interactions, −ΔH. The model assigned E and C parameters to many Lewis acids and bases. Each acid is characterized by an E A and a C A. Each base is likewise characterized by its own E B and C B. The E and C parameters refer, respectively, to ...

  3. Base (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chemistry)

    A strong base is a basic chemical compound that can remove a proton (H +) from (or deprotonate) a molecule of even a very weak acid (such as water) in an acidbase reaction. Common examples of strong bases include hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, like NaOH and Ca(OH) 2, respectively. Due to their low solubility, some ...

  4. Acid–base reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidbase_reaction

    In chemistry, an acidbase reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base.It can be used to determine pH via titration.Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acidbase theories, for example, Brønsted–Lowry acidbase theory.

  5. Amphoterism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphoterism

    This is what "amphoteric" means in Brønsted–Lowry acidbase theory. For example, amino acids and proteins are amphiprotic molecules because of their amine (−NH 2) and carboxylic acid (−COOH) groups. Self-ionizable compounds like water are also amphiprotic. Ampholytes are amphoteric molecules that contain both acidic and basic ...

  6. Conjugate (acid-base theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_(acid-base_theory)

    One use of conjugate acids and bases lies in buffering systems, which include a buffer solution. In a buffer, a weak acid and its conjugate base (in the form of a salt), or a weak base and its conjugate acid, are used in order to limit the pH change during a titration process. Buffers have both organic and non-organic chemical applications.

  7. Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brønsted–Lowry_acid...

    The reverse of an acidbase reaction is also an acidbase reaction, between the conjugate acid of the base in the first reaction and the conjugate base of the acid. In the above example, ethanoate is the base of the reverse reaction and hydronium ion is the acid.

  8. Acid catalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_catalysis

    In acid catalysis and base catalysis, a chemical reaction is catalyzed by an acid or a base. By Brønsted–Lowry acidbase theory, the acid is the proton (hydrogen ion, H +) donor and the base is the proton acceptor. Typical reactions catalyzed by proton transfer are esterifications and aldol reactions.

  9. Acid–base extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidbase_extraction

    Acidbase extraction is a subclass of liquid–liquid extractions and involves the separation of chemical species from other acidic or basic compounds. [1] It is typically performed during the work-up step following a chemical synthesis to purify crude compounds [2] and results in the product being largely free of acidic or basic impurities.