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  2. Revised Penal Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Penal_Code

    Penalties under the Revised Penal Code are generally divided into three periods – the minimum period, the medium period, and the maximum period. In addition to establishing the elements of the crime, the prosecution may also establish the presence of aggravating circumstances in order to set the penalty at the maximum period, or mitigating ...

  3. Classes of offenses under United States federal law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classes_of_offenses_under...

    Offense classes Type Class Maximum prison term [1] Maximum fine [2] [note 1] Probation term [3] [note 2] Maximum supervised release term [4] [note 3] Maximum prison term upon supervised release revocation [5]

  4. Reckitt & Colman Products Ltd v Borden Inc - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reckitt_&_Colman_Products...

    Reckitt & Colman Ltd v Borden Inc 1 All ER 873, – also known as the Jif Lemon case – is a leading decision of the House of Lords on the tort of passing off. The Court reaffirmed the three part test (reputation and goodwill, misrepresentation, and damage) in order to establish a claim of passing off. Background per Slade LJ: Reckitt, sold lemon juice under the name "Jif Lemon" which came in ...

  5. United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Federal...

    The Guidelines are the product of the United States Sentencing Commission, which was created by the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984. [3] The Guidelines' primary goal was to alleviate sentencing disparities that research had indicated were prevalent in the existing sentencing system, and the guidelines reform was specifically intended to provide for determinate sentencing.

  6. Code of Offences and Penalties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Offences_and_Penalties

    The code is notable for abandoning corporal (afflictive) penalties, with the exception of the death penalty, and for creating prison sentences, the harshest of which is known as the peine de la gêne, and consists of a fifty-year imprisonment in a windowless cell without any possibility of communication with either outside persons or inmates.

  7. Network Data Representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Data_Representation

    Network Data Representation (NDR) is a data encoding and decoding method used in distributed systems, specifically in Remote Procedure Call (RPC) systems. NDR is part of the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) RPC, allowing different computers and systems to communicate by exchanging data in a standardized format.

  8. The Child Protection Restoration and Penalties Enhancement Act of 1990 [1], Title III of the Crime Control Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101–647, 104 Stat. 4789, enacted November 29, 1990, S. 3266, is part of a United States Act of Congress which amended 18 U.S.C. § 2257 in respect to record-keeping requirements as set by the Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act of 1988, also establishing ...

  9. Civil penalty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_penalty

    Civil penalties occupy a strange place in some legal systems - because they are not criminal penalties, the state need not meet a high burden of proof, such as "beyond a reasonable doubt"; but because the action is brought by the government, and some civil penalties can run into very large sums, it would be uncomfortable to subject citizens to ...