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Natural color in cotton comes from pigments found in cotton; these pigments can produce shades ranging from tan to green and brown. [3] Naturally pigmented green cotton derives its color from caffeic acid, a derivative of cinnamic acid, found in the suberin (wax) layer which is deposited in alternating layers with cellulose around the outside of the cotton fiber.
Sally Fox (born 1955) is a cotton breeder who breeds naturally colored varieties of cotton. She is the inventor of Foxfibre®️ and founder of the company Natural Cotton Colors Inc. Fox invented the first species of environmentally friendly colored cotton that could be spun into thread on a machine. [1]
While cotton fibers occur naturally in colors of white, brown, pink and green, fears of contaminating the genetics of white cotton have led many cotton-growing locations to ban the growing of colored cotton varieties.
The maturity of individual cotton fiber is an essential aspect of cotton classing. Cotton maturity also contributes to the aesthetics of the product. For instance, it may affect appearance. Therefore, immature cotton that does not absorb dye is called ''dead fiber'', ''dead cotton'', and ''mote fibers.'' [7] [8] [3]
Disperse dyes were introduced in 1923 to color the new textiles of cellulose acetate, which could not be colored with any existing dyes. Today disperse dyes are the only effective means of coloring many synthetics. Reactive dyes for cotton were introduced in the mid-1950s. These petroleum based, synthetic dyes are used both in commercial ...
The color of a dye is dependent upon the ability of the substance to absorb light within the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum (380–750 nm). An earlier theory known as Witt theory stated that a colored dye had two components, a chromophore which imparts color by absorbing light in the visible region (some examples are nitro , azo ...
Cotton entered Europe (the "West") through Africa-in Sudan for thousands of years and Egyptians grew and spun cotton from 600 to 700 CE. [9] Cotton was a common fabric during the Middle Ages, and was hand-woven on a loom. Cotton manufacture was introduced to Europe during the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula and Sicily.
Colour fastness is a term—used in the dyeing of textile materials—that characterizes a material's colour's resistance to fading or running.Colour fastness is the property of dyes and it is directly proportional to the binding force between photochromic dye and the fibre.