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According to traditional Big Bang cosmology, the electroweak epoch began 10 −36 seconds after the Big Bang, when the temperature of the universe was low enough (10 28 K) for the electronuclear force to begin to manifest as two separate interactions, the strong and the electroweak interactions.
In physical cosmology, the photon epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe in which photons dominated the energy of the universe. The photon epoch started after most leptons and anti-leptons were annihilated at the end of the lepton epoch, about 10 seconds after the Big Bang. [1]
A visual representation of the division order of universal forces. In physical cosmology, the quark epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe when the fundamental interactions of gravitation, electromagnetism, the strong interaction and the weak interaction had taken their present forms, but the temperature of the universe was still too high to allow quarks to bind together ...
c. 10 −43 seconds: Grand unification epoch begins: While still at an infinitesimal size, the universe cools down to 10 32 kelvin. Gravity separates and begins operating on the universe—the remaining fundamental forces stabilize into the electronuclear force, also known as the Grand Unified Force or Grand Unified Theory (GUT), mediated by (the hypothetical) X and Y bosons which allow early ...
In physical cosmology, assuming that nature is described by a Grand Unified Theory, the grand unification epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch, starting at about 10 −43 seconds after the Big Bang, in which the temperature of the universe was comparable to the characteristic temperatures of grand unified theories.
Some cosmologists place the electroweak epoch at the start of the inflationary epoch, approximately 10 −36 seconds after the Big Bang. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Others place it at approximately 10 −32 seconds after the Big Bang, when the potential energy of the inflaton field that had driven the inflation of the universe during the inflationary ...
The resulting explosion is wildly hot—so hot that the immediate area actually briefly resembles the conditions extant in the universe one single second after the Big Bang, resulting in a soup of ...
Vacuum state is a configuration of quantum fields representing a local minimum (but not necessarily a global minimum) of energy. Inflationary models propose that at approximately 10 −36 seconds after the Big Bang, vacuum state of the Universe was different from the one seen at the present time: the inflationary vacuum had a much higher energy density.