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The gulf was home to the sea mink until its extinction in the late 1800s. Water temperatures in the Gulf of Maine are rapidly rising due to human-induced climate change. Both the Labrador Current and Gulf Stream are warming, and the Gulf Stream is spreading out and delivering more water to the Gulf of Maine. [8]
The increase of both ocean surface temperature and deeper ocean temperature is an important effect of climate change on oceans. [11] Deep ocean water is the name for cold, salty water found deep below the surface of Earth's oceans. Deep ocean water makes up about 90% of the volume of the oceans. Deep ocean water has a very uniform temperature ...
The Gulf of Maine is considered to be a cold water ecosystem, with typical surface temperatures of 10 °C in the winter to 17 °C in the summer. The cold Labrador Current and eddies of the Gulf Stream create a well mixed environment that has high levels of nutrients. The Gulf of Maine is home to around 3200 species of macrofauna in total.
The Maine Climate Office is a joint venture of the Climate Change Institute and the University of Maine Cooperative Extension. It supplies current and historical climate and weather data along with temperature and precipitation data and ocean temperature data. [29]
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AMOC in relation to the global thermohaline circulation . The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is the main current system in the Atlantic Ocean [1]: 2238 and is also part of the global thermohaline circulation, which connects the world's oceans with a single "conveyor belt" of continuous water exchange. [18]
The extent of the ocean surface down into the ocean is influenced by the amount of mixing that takes place between the surface water and the deeper water. This depends on the temperature: in the tropics the warm surface layer of about 100 m is quite stable and does not mix much with deeper water, while near the poles winter cooling and storms makes the surface layer denser and it mixes to ...
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 69.44 sq mi (179.85 km 2), of which 21.31 sq mi (55.19 km 2) is land and 48.13 sq mi (124.66 km 2) is water. [28] Portland is situated on a peninsula in Casco Bay on the Gulf of Maine and the Atlantic Ocean. Portland borders South Portland, Westbrook and Falmouth.