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The two major Canadian cities that fall outside the continental climate schema are Vancouver and Victoria. Vancouver experiences an oceanic climate, bordering warm-summer mediterranean with a marked summer dry season. Victoria, BC is the only major Canadian city entirely in a warm-summer mediterranean climate.
The climate and ecology of different locations on the globe naturally separate into life zones, depending on elevation, location, and latitude. The generally strong dependency on elevation is known as altitudinal zonation : the average temperature of a location decreases as the elevation increases.
The new spatial framework was designed to replace the 1995 ecological framework as well as the Ecozone+ framework used in the Canadian Biodiversity: Ecosystem Status and Trends 2010 Report. This new ecozone map includes 18 terrestrial, 12 marine and 1 freshwater ecozone, the latter two of which were derived from the marine bioregions outlined ...
Climate is a major barrier to life; the growing season is extremely short. Mean average temperature usually ranges from 0 °C (32 °F) to 4 °C (39 °F), and even in summer the average temperature does not exceed 10 °C (50 °F). The zone sees heavy precipitation, usually in the form of snow. [3]
However the higher elevations of the Laurentian Mountains and the northern Appalachian Mountains in Canada constitute the Eastern Canadian forests ecoregion. The region has a humid continental climate (Dfb) consisting of warm summers and cold, snowy winters, and is warmer towards the south. [2]
The climate of Ontario varies by season and location. [19] It is affected by three air sources: cold, dry, arctic air from the north (dominant factor during the winter months, and for a longer part of the year in far northern Ontario); Pacific polar air crossing in from the western Canadian Prairies/US Northern Plains ; and warm, moist air from ...
Because of its location east of the Rocky Mountains, the Prairies ecozone can be semi-arid in some areas, annual precipitation generally increases farther east in the ecozone from 250 millimetres (9.8 in) in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan to 700 millimetres (28 in) in parts of Manitoba, as well humidity increases eastward through this zone. [5]
Summers average about 23 °C in July in the southwestern end of the zone, to 18 °C in the higher part of the north. Winters are much milder in the southwest along the Lake Erie shore, with a mean January temperature of -3 °C, whereas mean lows are -12 °C in the northeast. Some lakeshore areas have over 200 frost-free days per year. [12]