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Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down their electrochemical gradient. An important example is the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement of hydrogen ions (H + ) across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis .
This can happen in various ways. The extra energy can be converted into molecular motion and lost as heat, or re-emitted by the electron as light ( fluorescence ). The energy, but not the electron itself, may be passed onto another molecule; this is called resonance energy transfer .
This transport chain produces a proton-motive force, pumping H + ions across the membrane and producing a concentration gradient that can be used to power ATP synthase during chemiosmosis. This pathway is known as cyclic photophosphorylation, and it produces neither O 2 nor NADPH.
Oxidative phosphorylation is made up of two closely connected components: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain in the cell is the site of oxidative phosphorylation.
This reflux releases free energy produced during the generation of the oxidized forms of the electron carriers (NAD + and Q) with energy provided by O 2. The free energy is used to drive ATP synthesis, catalyzed by the F 1 component of the complex. [13] Coupling with oxidative phosphorylation is a key step for ATP production.
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Penn State is a win away from the national title game. The No. 6 Nittany Lions jumped out to a 14-0 lead and held on for a 31-14 win over No. 3 Boise State in the Fiesta Bowl. PSU advances to the ...
The yellow circles produce more energy through chemiosmosis than what is required to move the blue circles so the movement is coupled and some energy is cancelled out. One example is the sodium-proton exchanger which allows protons to go down their concentration gradient into the cell while pumping sodium out of the cell.