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The bladeless design of ion wind generators could make wind power more environmentally friendly, as current "wind power plants represent a risk of bird mortality." [13] Wind turbines have maximum speeds of operation which vary by design. Wind turbines shut down when "cut-out" speeds are exceeded to prevent damage. [14]
The windmill was a very early wind turbine. In 2018 around 5% of the world's electricity was produced from wind; Turbines can also use other heat-transfer liquids than steam. Supercritical carbon dioxide based cycles can provide higher conversion efficiency due to faster heat exchange, higher energy density and simpler power cycle infrastructure.
The environmental impact of electricity generation from wind power is minor when compared to that of fossil fuel power. [112] Wind turbines have some of the lowest life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of energy sources: far less greenhouse gas is emitted than for the average unit of electricity, so wind power helps limit climate change. [113]
The first electricity-generating wind turbine was installed by the Austrian Josef Friedländer at the Vienna International Electrical Exhibition in 1883. It was a Halladay windmill for driving a dynamo. Friedländer's 6.6 m (22 ft) diameter Halladay "wind motor" was supplied by U.S. Wind Engine & Pump Co. of Batavia, Illinois.
Wind turbine design is the process of defining the form and configuration of a wind turbine to extract energy from the wind. [1] An installation consists of the systems needed to capture the wind's energy, point the turbine into the wind, convert mechanical rotation into electrical power , and other systems to start, stop, and control the turbine.
Grid energy storage, also known as large-scale energy storage, are technologies connected to the electrical power grid that store energy for later use. These systems help balance supply and demand by storing excess electricity from variable renewables such as solar and inflexible sources like nuclear power , releasing it when needed.