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[1] [2] [3] Modern standards tend to use bits per component, [1] [2] [4] [5] but historical lower-depth systems used bits per pixel more often. Color depth is only one aspect of color representation, expressing the precision with which the amount of each primary can be expressed; the other aspect is how broad a range of colors can be expressed ...
8-bit color graphics are a method of storing image information in a computer's memory or in an image file, so that each pixel is represented by 8 bits (1 byte). The maximum number of colors that can be displayed at any one time is 256 per pixel or 2 8 .
In an 8-bit color palette each pixel's value is represented by 8 bits resulting in a 256-value palette (2 8 = 256). This is usually the maximum number of grays in ordinary monochrome systems; each image pixel occupies a single memory byte.
The number of distinct colors that can be represented by a pixel depends on the number of bits per pixel (bpp). A 1 bpp image uses 1 bit for each pixel, so each pixel can be either on or off. Each additional bit doubles the number of colors available, so a 2 bpp image can have 4 colors, and a 3 bpp image can have 8 colors:
Current typical display adapters use up to 24 bits of information for each pixel: 8-bit per component multiplied by three components (see the Numeric representations section below (24 bits = 256 3, each primary value of 8 bits with values of 0–255).
The 4-bit per pixel (4bpp) format supports 16 distinct colors and stores 2 pixels per 1 byte, the left-most pixel being in the more significant nibble. [5] Each pixel value is a 4-bit index into a table of up to 16 colors. The 8-bit per pixel (8bpp) format supports 256 distinct colors and stores 1 pixel per 1 byte.
Pixels per inch (or pixels per centimetre) describes the detail of an image file when the print size is known. For example, a 100×100 pixel image printed in a 2 inch square has a resolution of 50 pixels per inch. Used this way, the measurement is meaningful when printing an image.
4:4:4 is straightforward, as no pixel-grouping is done: the difference lies solely in how many bits each channel is given, and their arrangement. The basic YUV3 scheme uses 3 bytes per pixel, with the order y0, u0, v0, y1, u1, v1 (using "u" for Cb and "v" for Cr; the same applies to content below). [17]