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Prostatitis is an umbrella term for a variety of medical conditions that incorporate bacterial and non-bacterial origin illnesses in the pelvic region. In contrast with the plain meaning of the word (which means "inflammation of the prostate"), the diagnosis may not always include inflammation .
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) Other names: chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, prostatodynia, painful prostate: Specialty: Urology: Causes: Unknown [1] Differential diagnosis: Bacterial prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, overactive bladder, cancer [2] Frequency ~4% [3]
Acute prostatitis is a serious bacterial infection of the prostate gland. This infection is a medical emergency. It should be distinguished from other forms of prostatitis such as chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS).
Chronic bacterial prostatitis is thought to be caused by ascending urethral infection and by reflux into the ejaculatory duct or prostatic ducts. [7] Risk factors for chronic bacterial prostatitis include functional or anatomic abnormalities, catheterization, prostate biopsy or urethritis (due to sexually transmitted infections), and unprotected penetrative anal sex. [7]
Treatments for bladder and prostate diseases depend on numerous factors including the specific condition diagnosed, the severity of the condition, and other individual characteristics. Treatments may be used in isolation or in combination with other treatments. [11] [8]
Acute prostatitis and chronic bacterial prostatitis are treated with antibiotics. [28] Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis, or male chronic pelvic pain syndrome is treated by a large variety of modalities including the medications alpha blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and amitriptyline, [28] antihistamines, and other anxiolytics. [29]
Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis is a painless inflammation of the prostate gland where there is no evidence of infection. [1] It should be distinguished from the other categories of prostatitis characterised by either pelvic pain or evidence of infection, such as chronic bacterial prostatitis, acute bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). [2]
Hospital-acquired infections may be due to coliform bacteria and enterococci, as well as other organisms uncommon in the community (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and various species of Klebsiella). Most cases of pyelonephritis start off as lower urinary tract infections, mainly cystitis and prostatitis. [9]