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English: A typical electret microphone preamp circuit uses a FET in a common source configuration. The two-terminal electret capsule contains an FET which must be externally powered by supply voltage V +. The resistor sets the gain and output impedance. The audio signal appears at the output, after a DC-blocking capacitor.
Electret materials have been known since the 1920s and were proposed as condenser microphone elements several times, but they were considered impractical until the foil electret type was invented at Bell Laboratories in 1961 by Gerhard Sessler and James West, using a thin metallized Teflon foil.
First patent on foil electret microphone by G. M. Sessler et al. (pages 1 to 3) An electret microphone is a type of condenser microphone invented by Gerhard Sessler and Jim West at Bell laboratories in 1962. [24] The externally applied charge used for a conventional condenser microphone is replaced by a permanent charge in an electret material.
The internal electronic circuitry of an active noise-canceling mic attempts to subtract noise signal from the primary microphone. The circuit may employ passive or active noise canceling techniques to filter out the noise, producing an output signal that has a lower noise floor and a higher signal-to-noise ratio .
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A microphone or other device can obtain DC power from either signal line to ground terminal, and two capacitors block this DC from appearing at the output. R1 and R2 should be 6.81k ohms for "P48" 48-volt phantom. R3–6 and Zener diodes 1–4 deliberately clip the outputs to ±10v to protect a subsequent circuit from potentially large transients.
Gerhard M. Sessler (born 15 February 1931 in Rosenfeld, Baden-Württemberg, Germany) [1] is a German inventor and scientist. He is Professor emeritus at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology of the Technische Universität Darmstadt.
A reference designator unambiguously identifies the location of a component within an electrical schematic or on a printed circuit board.The reference designator usually consists of one or two letters followed by a number, e.g. C3, D1, R4, U15.