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Today, bromine is transported in large-capacity metal drums or lead-lined tanks that can hold hundreds of kilograms or even tonnes of bromine. The bromine industry is about one-hundredth the size of the chlorine industry. Laboratory production is unnecessary because bromine is commercially available and has a long shelf life. [61]
Anthropogenic and natural sources of bromine. The major sources include sea spray, salt lakes, marshes, volcanos, anthropogenic sources. Sinks include exchange of brominated compounds with the stratospheric and troposphere.Bromine's chemistry is linked to other halogens such as chlorine and iodine amplify atmospheric cycling that contributes to troposphere and stratosphere ozone layer ...
All the world's bromine production is derived from brine. The majority is recovered from Dead Sea brine at plants in Israel and Jordan, where bromine is a byproduct of potash recovery. Plants in the United States (see: Bromine production in the United States), China, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine, recover bromine from subsurface brines. In India ...
During his research on mineral salts he discovered bromine in 1825, as a brown gas evolving after the salt was treated with chlorine. [1] [2] [3] After working at the University of Heidelberg and the University of Zurich he became the successor to Robert Wilhelm Bunsen at the University of Breslau. He worked and lived in Breslau until his death ...
Bromine production in the United States of 225,000 tonnes in 2013 made that country the second-largest producer of bromine, after Israel. The US supplied 29 percent of world production. Since 2007, all US bromine has been produced by two companies in southern Arkansas, which extract bromine from brine pumped from the Smackover Formation. At an ...
Herbert Henry Dow (February 26, 1866 – October 15, 1930) was an American chemical industrialist who founded the American multinational conglomerate Dow Chemical.A graduate of the Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland, Ohio, he was a prolific inventor of chemical processes, compounds, and products, notably bromine extraction from sea water, and was a successful businessman.
Where desired, free bromine may be obtained by thermal decomposition of ferrous bromide. [1] Before Dow entered the bromine business, brine was evaporated by heating with wood scraps and then crystallized sodium chloride was removed. An oxidizing agent was added, and bromine was formed in the solution. Then bromine was distilled.
A bromide ion is the negatively charged form (Br −) of the element bromine, a member of the halogens group on the periodic table.Most bromides are colorless. Bromides have many practical roles, being found in anticonvulsants, flame-retardant materials, and cell stains. [3]