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Giant cell arteritis (GCA), also called temporal arteritis, is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of large blood vessels. [ 4 ] [ 7 ] Symptoms may include headache , pain over the temples, flu-like symptoms , double vision , and difficulty opening the mouth. [ 3 ]
Commonly, amaurosis fugax caused by giant cell arteritis may be associated with jaw claudication and headache. However, it is also not uncommon for these patients to have no other symptoms. [18] One comprehensive review found a two to nineteen percent incidence of amaurosis fugax among these patients. [19] Systemic lupus erythematosus [20] [21]
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common type of systemic vasculitis in adults. Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), headache, jaw claudication, and visual symptoms are the classic manifestations; however, 40% of patients present with a variety of occult manifestations. [9]
Histiocytes, giant cells [5] Giant cell arteritis, also often called temporal arteritis (although they differ slightly) Superficial temporal artery, other medium- and large-sized vessels, [6] e.g. those supplying the head, eyes and optic nerves: Lymphocytes, macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells [6] Polyarteritis nodosa
Cutaneous arteritis Nodules, livedo reticularis, ulcers, and gangrene. [27] Primary central nervous system vasculitis Headache, cognitive impairment, stroke, encephalopathy, and seizures. [28] Retinal vasculitis: Visual impairments, floaters, and macular edema. [29] Secondary vasculitis [8] Lupus vasculitis
Giant cell arteritis is a vasculitis that affects branches of the carotid arteries. Vasculitis in the temporal branch of the carotid artery is the most common location and causes headaches. Vasculitis in the ophthalmic artery can cause visual disturbances, and vasculitis in any of the arteries that supply the jaw muscles can cause pain when ...
Tension headache, stress headache, or tension-type headache (TTH), is the most common type of primary headache. The pain usually radiates from the lower back of the head, the neck, the eyes, or other muscle groups in the body typically affecting both sides of the head. Tension-type headaches account for nearly 90% of all headaches.
AAION is due to temporal arteritis (also called giant-cell arteritis), an inflammatory disease of medium-sized blood vessels (Chapel-Hill-Conference) that occurs especially with advancing age. In contrast, NAION results from the coincidence of cardiovascular risk factors in a patient with "crowded" optic discs.