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The mangroves live in the coastal zones in the more tropical southern parts of Florida; mangroves are particularly vulnerable to frosts. Mangroves are important habitat as both fish nursery and brackish water habitats for birds and other coastal species.
Seventy-five percent of the game fish and ninety percent of the commercial species in South Florida are dependent on mangrove ecosystems. [5] An estimated 75 percent of the commercially caught prawns and fish in Queensland, Australia, depend on mangroves for part of their life cycles and on nutrients exported from the mangroves to other ecosystems.
Mangrove plantations host several commercially important species of fish and crustaceans. [ 34 ] In Puerto Rico , the red , white , and black mangroves occupy different ecological niches and have slightly different chemical compositions, so the carbon content varies between the species, as well between the different tissues of the plant (e.g ...
Mangrove crabs are predated on by wading birds, fish, sharks, [8] monkeys, hawks, and raccoons. [7] The larvae of mangrove crabs is a major source of food for juvenile fish in waterways near the crabs. [24] Adult mangrove crabs are food for the crab plover among other protected species. [17] To protect themselves the crabs can climb trees. [25]
Mangroves shed leaves at about 2 to 4 short tons per acre (4.5 to 9.0 t/ha) per year, providing food for fish, worms and crustaceans. Because the carbon in the leaves is sequestered by incorporation into animals, the mangrove swamp is estimated to have two to three times the ability to sequester carbon of terrestrial forests. [97]
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Florida's mild climate, international ports of entry, and animal and nursery trades make the state vulnerable to invasive species; those that currently pose a threat include the Burmese python, cane toad, feral pigs, and lionfish. [9] Native wildlife is also threatened by habitat loss through land being converted to agriculture and urban ...
Indian mangroves consist of 46 species (4 of which are natural hybrids) belonging to 22 genera and 14 families, representing about 57% of the world's mangrove species. [67] The following table shows the prevalence of mangroves in the states of India and the total area covered by them in square kilometers. [68]