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Discrimination is the unfair or prejudicial treatment of people and groups based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, or sexual orientation. That’s the simple answer. But explaining why it happens is more complicated. The human brain naturally puts things in categories to make sense of the world.
Racism, bias, and discrimination. Racism is a form of prejudice that generally includes negative emotional reactions to members of a group, acceptance of negative stereotypes, and racial discrimination against individuals; in some cases it can lead to violence. Discrimination refers to the differential treatment of different age, gender, racial ...
Executive Summary. Pervasive ethnic and racial disparities in education follow a pattern in which African-American, American Indian, Latino and Southeast Asian groups underperform academically, relative to Caucasians and other Asian-Americans. These educational disparities.
Racial bias doesn't just influence how teachers teach. Bias also affects whether and how they discipline students for misbehavior. According to 2013–14 data collected by the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights, black K–12 students are 3.8 times as likely as their white peers to receive one or more out-of-school suspensions.
John Dovidio is a psychology professor at Yale University and one of the leading researchers on racism, particularly subtle or unconscious racism. He has studied issues of social power and social relations, both between groups and between individuals. His work explores techniques for reducing these conscious and unconscious biases.
While this study shows that subtle discrimination persists, other research by Hebl suggests that laws preventing overt discrimination can tamp down subtle discrimination as well. In a related study, individuals wore these same hats in workplaces in Dallas suburbs, where the presence of LGBTQ+ nondiscrimination laws varies.
Discussing discrimination can be hard enough for adults. Talking to kids about the subject can be especially daunting. People can be discriminated against for any number of reasons, including age, gender, weight, religion, income level, disability, sexual orientation, and race or ethnicity. According to the 2015 APA Stress in America Survey ...
than discrimination (e.g., ability; Dovidio, Gaertner, & Saguy, 2009). When applying the preceding argument to racial conflicts, we speculated that endorsement of legitimizing ideologies would decrease perceptions or attri-butions of racism, especially in subtle and ambiguous contexts.
Implicit bias. Implicit bias, also known as implicit prejudice or implicit attitude, is a negative attitude, of which one is not consciously aware, against a specific social group. Implicit bias is thought to be shaped by experience and based on learned associations between particular qualities and social categories, including race and/or gender.
Microassaults: Conscious and intentional actions or slurs, such as using racial epithets, displaying swastikas or deliberately serving a white person before a person of color in a restaurant. Microinsults: Verbal and nonverbal communications that subtly convey rudeness and insensitivity and demean a person's racial heritage or identity. An ...