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  2. Adipose tissue expandability hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipose_tissue...

    Version of the hypothesis implicating failure to generate more adipocytes in tissue expandability. The adipose tissue expandability hypothesis posits that metabolic dysregulation that appears to be caused by excess weight, such as type 2 diabetes [1] and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, [2] are triggered when an individual's capacity for storing excess calories in the subcutaneous adipose ...

  3. Metabolic syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_syndrome

    The progression from visceral fat to increased TNF-α to insulin resistance has some parallels to human development of metabolic syndrome. The increase in adipose tissue also increases the number of immune cells, which play a role in inflammation. Chronic inflammation contributes to an increased risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis and ...

  4. Adipose tissue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipose_tissue

    Adipose tissue (also known as body fat or simply fat) is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes. [1] [2] It also contains the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells including preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and a variety of immune cells such as adipose tissue macrophages.

  5. Lipolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipolysis

    Lipolysis / l ɪ ˈ p ɒ l ɪ s ɪ s / is the metabolic pathway through which lipid triglycerides are hydrolyzed into a glycerol and free fatty acids. It is used to mobilize stored energy during fasting or exercise, and usually occurs in fat adipocytes.

  6. Adipocyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipocyte

    A large meta-analysis has shown that white adipose tissue cell size is dependent on measurement methods, adipose tissue depots, age, and body mass index; for the same degree of obesity, increases in fat cell size were also associated with the dysregulations in glucose and lipid metabolism. [2]

  7. Randle cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randle_cycle

    The Randle cycle, also known as the glucose fatty-acid cycle, is a metabolic process involving the cross inhibition of glucose and fatty acids for substrates. [1] It is theorized to play a role in explaining type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. [2] [3] It was named for Philip Randle, who described it in 1963. [4]

  8. Hormone-sensitive lipase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone-sensitive_lipase

    It is PKA, activated by a hormone-induced signal transduction cascade, that phosphorylates and activates hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), hence the name. In addition to phosphorylating HSL, PKA phosphorylates perilipins on the surface of lipid droplets within adipose cells. This triggers them to "spread out" and allow for HSL to enter the lipid ...

  9. Glucose uptake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose_uptake

    GLUT4 has a Km value for glucose of about 5 mM, which as stated above is the normal blood glucose level in healthy individuals. GLUT4 is the most abundant glucose transporter in skeletal muscle and is thus considered to be rate limiting for glucose uptake and metabolism in resting muscles. [8]