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Shales and other mudrocks contain roughly 95 percent of the organic matter in all sedimentary rocks. However, this amounts to less than one percent by mass in an average shale. Black shales, which form in anoxic conditions, contain reduced free carbon along with ferrous iron (Fe 2+) and sulfur (S 2−).
This term is confined to argillaceous, or clay-bearing, rock. There are many varieties of shale, including calcareous and organic-rich; however, black shale, or organic-rich shale, deserves further evaluation. In order for a shale to be a black shale, it must contain more than one percent organic carbon.
Organic-rich sedimentary rocks are a specific type of sedimentary rock that contains significant amounts (>3%) of organic carbon. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The most common types include coal , lignite , oil shale , or black shale . [ 2 ]
The Marcellus Formation or the Marcellus Shale is a Middle Devonian age unit of sedimentary rock found in eastern North America.Named for a distinctive outcrop near the village of Marcellus, New York, in the United States, [3] it extends throughout much of the Appalachian Basin.
Slate – Metamorphic rock - A low grade metamorphic rock formed from shale or silt; Suevite – Rock consisting partly of melted material formed during an impact event – A rock formed by partial melting during a meteorite impact; Talc carbonate – A metamorphosed ultramafic rock with talc as an essential constituent; similar to a serpentinite
The upper part of the Cleveland Shale is a black to brownish black [13] silty shale [9] with occasional thin beds of gray shale and siltstone. [5] The upper part is much richer in petroleum [16] and kerogen. [4] [d] When broken open, fresh samples smell like crude oil. [4]
The black shales of the Kettle Point Formation are organic-rich and highly fissile. Some layer of black shale are interlaminated with white-coloured laminae of clay- to silt-sized quartz and calcite grains. The associated greyish green mudstones are homogeneous, lacking discernible lamination or other primary sedimentary structures.
The Alum Shale Formation (also known as alum schist and alum slate) is a formation of black shale of Miaolingian (Middle Cambrian) to Tremadocian (Lower Ordovician) in age found predominantly in southern Scandinavia. [1] [2] It is shale or clay slate containing pyrite.