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As shown before, throttling keeps h constant. E.g. throttling from 200 bar and 300 K (point a in fig. 2) follows the isenthalpic (line of constant specific enthalpy) of 430 kJ/kg. At 1 bar it results in point b which has a temperature of 270 K. So throttling from 200 bar to 1 bar gives a cooling from room temperature to below the freezing point ...
Adiabatical expansion: The gaseous detonation products return to a final pressure equal to the initial pressure, Ρ 0. Heat extraction: The gaseous products are reversibly cooled at a constant pressure to reach the initial temperature Τ 0. The cycle is completed by converting the products into reactants, as in the initial conditions.
Adiabatic expansion occurs when the pressure on an adiabatically isolated system is decreased, allowing it to expand in size, thus causing it to do work on its surroundings. When the pressure applied on a parcel of gas is reduced, the gas in the parcel is allowed to expand; as the volume increases, the temperature falls as its internal energy ...
Any thermodynamic processes may be used. However, when idealized cycles are modeled, often processes where one state variable is kept constant, such as: adiabatic (constant heat) isothermal (constant temperature) isobaric (constant pressure) isochoric (constant volume) isentropic (constant entropy) isenthalpic (constant enthalpy)
The dependence of work on the path of the thermodynamic process is also unrelated to reversibility, since expansion work, which can be visualized on a pressure–volume diagram as the area beneath the equilibrium curve, is different for different reversible expansion processes (e.g. adiabatic, then isothermal; vs. isothermal, then adiabatic ...
The Rüchardt experiment, [1] [2] [3] invented by Eduard Rüchardt, is a famous experiment in thermodynamics, which determines the ratio of the molar heat capacities of a gas, i.e. the ratio of (heat capacity at constant pressure) and (heat capacity at constant volume) and is denoted by (gamma, for ideal gas) or (kappa, isentropic exponent, for real gas).
The adiabatic theorem is a concept in quantum mechanics.Its original form, due to Max Born and Vladimir Fock (1928), was stated as follows: . A physical system remains in its instantaneous eigenstate if a given perturbation is acting on it slowly enough and if there is a gap between the eigenvalue and the rest of the Hamiltonian's spectrum.
Process 3–4 is an adiabatic (isentropic) expansion (power stroke). Process 4–1 completes the cycle by a constant-volume process in which heat is rejected from the air while the piston is at bottom dead center. Process 1–0 the mass of air is released to the atmosphere in a constant pressure process.