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Information flow top-down and bottom-up in leadership. In the fields of management and organization, the terms "top-down" and "bottom-up" are used to describe how decisions are made and/or how change is implemented. [17] A "top-down" approach is where an executive decision maker or other top person makes the decisions of how something should be ...
Top down design fuels understanding of an image by using prior experiences and knowledge to interpret a stimulus. This process helps us analyze familiar scenes and objects when encountering them. [3] During perception of any kind, people generally use either sensory data (bottom-up design) or prior knowledge of the stimulus (top-down design ...
Hoshin Kanri is a top-down approach, with the goals being mandated by management and the implementation being performed by employees. As a result, systems need to be in place to ensure that objectives from senior management are effectively communicated all the way down the chain of command . [ 5 ]
Bottom-up parsing, a computer science strategy; Bottom-up processing, in Pattern recognition (psychology) Bottom-up theories of galaxy formation and evolution; Bottom-up tree automaton, in data structures; Bottom-up integration testing, in software testing; Top-down and bottom-up design, strategies of information processing and knowledge ordering
For example, one and the same physical tone is perceived either as a "soothing tonic" or as a "tension-laden dominant", depending on the context of the melody. Similarly, words create certain meaningful connections with another person (bottom-up), whereby the meaning of further words is understood in the context of these connections (top-down).
Top-down and bottom-up design of information ordering; Top-down parsing, a parsing strategy beginning at the highest level of the parse tree Top-down parsing language, an analytic formal grammar to study top-down parsers; Top-down perspective, a camera angle in computer and video games; Top-down shooter, a subgenre of video games
Top-Down vs Bottom-Up Top-down models and hierarchically controlled structures are the enemies of innovation. [ 6 ] In general, learners and knowledge workers love to learn, but they hate not being given the freedom to decide how they learn and work (Cross, 2003). [ 7 ]
There is an ongoing debate as to whether a bottom-up or top-down approach is better suited to address the problems facing communities. Top-down processing involves large-scale programs or high-level frameworks, often driven by governmental or international action.