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The irises of human eyes exhibit a wide spectrum of colours. Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic trait determined by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris [1] [2] and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.
The color of the mammalian, including human, iris is very variable. However, there are only two pigments present, eumelanin and pheomelanin . The overall concentration of these pigments, the ratio between them, variation in the distribution of pigment in the layers of the stroma of the iris and the effects of light scattering all play a part in ...
The iris consists of two layers: the front pigmented fibrovascular layer known as a stroma and, behind the stroma, pigmented epithelial cells.. The stroma is connected to a sphincter muscle (sphincter pupillae), which contracts the pupil in a circular motion, and a set of dilator muscles (dilator pupillae), which pull the iris radially to enlarge the pupil, pulling it in folds.
Martin-Schultz scale. The Martin–Schultz scale is a standard color scale commonly used in physical anthropology to establish more or less precisely the eye color of an individual; it was created by the anthropologists Rudolf Martin and Bruno K Schultz in the first half of the 20th century.
The general model of color psychology relies on six basic principles: Color may carry a specific meaning. Color meaning is either based in learned meaning or biologically innate meaning. The perception of a color causes evaluation automatically by the person perceiving. The evaluation process forces color-motivated behavior.
The Martin scale is an older version of color scale commonly used in physical anthropology to establish more or less precisely the eye color of an individual. It was created by the anthropologist Rudolf Martin in the first half of the 20th century.
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Blue eyes do not actually contain any blue pigment. Eye colour is determined by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris [48] [49] and the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris. [50] In humans, the pigmentation of the iris varies from light brown to black.