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Anal fistula is a chronic abnormal communication between the anal canal and the perianal skin. [1] An anal fistula can be described as a narrow tunnel with its internal opening in the anal canal and its external opening in the skin near the anus. [2] Anal fistulae commonly occur in people with a history of anal abscesses. They can form when ...
A sitz bath or hip bath is a bathtub in which a person sits in water up to the hips. [1] It is used to relieve discomfort and pain in the lower part of the body, for example, due to hemorrhoids (piles), anal fissures, perianal fistulas, rectal surgery, an episiotomy, uterine cramps, inflammatory bowel disease, pilonidal cysts and infections of the bladder, prostate or vagina.
The first report of preliminary healing result from the procedure were 94% in 2007 [2] In 1993 Matos et al. described a technique of total anal sphincter preservation in high fistula in ano, which is based on the concept of excision of intersphincteric anal gland infection through the intersphincteric approach. [3]
Goodsall's rule relates the external opening (in the perianal skin) of an anal fistula to its internal opening (in the anal canal). It states that if the perianal skin opening is posterior to the transverse anal line, the fistulous tract will open into the anal canal in the midline posteriorly, sometimes taking a curvilinear course.
Lateral internal sphincterotomy is the preferred method of surgery for persons with chronic anal fissures, and is generally used when medical therapy has failed. [1] It is associated with a lower rate of side effects than older techniques such as posterior internal sphincterotomy and anoplasty, [3] and has also been shown to be superior to topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN 0.2% ointment) in ...
Most anal fissures are caused by stretching of the anal mucous membrane beyond its capability. [3] Superficial or shallow anal fissures look much like a paper cut, and may be hard to detect upon visual inspection; they will generally self-heal within a couple of weeks. However, some anal fissures become chronic and deep and will not heal.