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The transient flow of groundwater is described by a form of the diffusion equation, similar to that used in heat transfer to describe the flow of heat in a solid (heat conduction). The steady-state flow of groundwater is described by a form of the Laplace equation, which is a form of potential flow and has analogs in numerous fields.
Groundwater is stored in and moves slowly (compared to surface runoff in temperate conditions and watercourses) through layers or zones of soil, sand and rocks: aquifers. The rate of groundwater flow depends on the permeability (the size of the spaces in the soil or rocks and how well the spaces are connected) and the hydraulic head (water ...
Groundwater models are used in various water management plans for urban areas. As the computations in mathematical groundwater models are based on groundwater flow equations, which are differential equations that can often be solved only by approximate methods using a numerical analysis, these models are also called mathematical, numerical, or ...
MODFLOW simulation. MODFLOW is the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference flow model, which is a computer code that solves the groundwater flow equation.The program is used by hydrogeologists to simulate the flow of groundwater through aquifers.
The SMART hydrological model [10] includes agricultural subsurface drainage flow, in addition to soil and groundwater reservoirs, to simulate the flow path contributions to streamflow. Vflo is another software program for modeling runoff. Vflo uses radar rainfall and GIS data to generate physics-based, distributed runoff simulation.
Chézy formula – Manning formula – Strahler number – Standard step method – computational technique for modeling steady state open channel surface profiles; Erosion. Hjulström curve – Groundwater. Dupuit–Forchheimer assumption – Groundwater flow equation –
WEAP links to the USGS MODFLOW groundwater flow model and the US EPA QUAL2K surface water quality model. WEAP was created in 1988 and continues to be developed and supported by the U.S. center of the Stockholm Environment Institute , a non-profit research institute based at Tufts University in Somerville, Massachusetts .
Runoff is the flow of water across the earth, and is a major component in the hydrological cycle. Runoff that flows over land before reaching a watercourse is referred to as surface runoff or overland flow. Once in a watercourse, runoff is referred to as streamflow, channel runoff, or river runoff.