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Developmental delay is prevalent in approximately 1-3% of children under the age of 5 worldwide. [5] According to a systematic analysis done for a conducted study in 2016, there are approximately 52.9 million children worldwide under the age of 5 that are affected by some type of developmental delay or delayed milestone.
Screening measures require careful construction, research, and a high level of proof. High quality screens are ones that have been standardized (meaning administered in exactly the same way every time) on a large current (meaning in the last decade) nationally representative sample.
Developmental disability is a diverse group of chronic conditions, comprising mental or physical impairments that arise before adulthood. Developmental disabilities cause individuals living with them many difficulties in certain areas of life, especially in "language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living". [1]
Global developmental delay is an umbrella term used when children are significantly delayed in two or more areas of development. It can be diagnosed when a child is delayed in one or more milestones, categorised into motor skills , speech , cognitive skills, and social and emotional development. [ 1 ]
In the behavioral model, development is considered a behavioral change. It is dependent on the kind of stimulus and the person's behavioral and learning function. [5] Behavior analysis in child development takes a mechanistic, contextual, and pragmatic approach. [6] [7]
There are levels of behavioral differences that are considered as normal at certain ages. When evaluating DDs and MA in children, consider whether those with DDs have a larger amount of behavior that is not typical for their MA group. Developmental delays tend to contribute to other disorders or difficulties than their TD counterparts. [112]
Research in developmental neuropsychology can generally be divided into two categories that are based on two main goals of the field: educational and clinical.The educational approach aims to understand and aid in the education of developing children (or in some cases adults) whom have deficits learning certain skills, most commonly language related – reading and writing.
Much research has focused on trying to identify what makes language learning so hard for some children. A major divide is between theories that attribute the difficulties to a low-level problem with auditory temporal processing, [51] [52] and those that propose there is a deficit in a specialised language-learning system.