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For much of the Middle Ages, England's climate differed from that in the 21st century. Between the 9th and 13th centuries England went through the Medieval Warm Period, a prolonged period of warmer temperatures; in the early 13th century, for example, summers were around 1 °C warmer than today and the climate was slightly drier. [236]
England and Englishness are represented in multiple forms within J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth writings; it appears, more or less thinly disguised, in the form of the Shire and the lands close to it; in kindly characters such as Treebeard, Faramir, and Théoden; in its industrialised state as Isengard and Mordor; and as Anglo-Saxon England in Rohan.
England, as part of the UK, joined the European Economic Community in 1973, which became the European Union in 1993. The UK left the EU in 2020. There is a movement in England to create a devolved English Parliament. This would give England a local Parliament like those already functioning for Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales.
Map of England in 878 showing the extent of the Danelaw. Between the 8th and 11th centuries, raiders and colonists from Scandinavia, mainly Danish and Norwegian, plundered western Europe, including the British Isles. [67] These raiders came to be known as the Vikings; the name is believed to derive from Scandinavia, where the Vikings originated.
The design may have inspired later 'Maps of World History' such as the HistoMap by John B. Sparks, which chronicles four thousand years of world history in a graphic way similar to the enlarging and contracting nation streams presented on Adam's chart. Sparks added the innovation of using a logarithmic scale for the presentation of history.
Battle of Flodden Field: Invading England, King James IV of Scotland and thousands of other Scots were killed in a defeat at the hands of the English. 1516 18 February Mary I, the future queen of England (r. 1553-1558), is born to parents Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. 1521: Lutheran writings begin to circulate in England. 1527 21 May
The Gough Map or Bodleian Map [1] is a Late Medieval map of the island of Great Britain. Its precise dates of production and authorship are unknown. It is named after Richard Gough, who bequeathed the map to the Bodleian Library in Oxford 1809. He acquired the map from the estate of the antiquarian Thomas "Honest Tom" Martin in 1774. [2]
The area of present-day England was part of the Roman province of Britannia from 43 AD. [2] The province seems unlikely ever to have been as deeply integrated into Roman culture as nearby Continental provinces, however, [3] and from the crisis of the third century Britain was often ruled by Roman usurpers who were in conflict with the central government in Rome, such as Postumus (about 260 ...