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  2. Sanborn maps - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanborn_maps

    Sanborn maps are detailed maps of U.S. cities and towns in the 19th and 20th centuries. Originally published by The Sanborn Map Company (Sanborn), the maps were created to allow fire insurance companies to assess their total liability in urbanized areas of the United States. Since they contain detailed information about properties and ...

  3. History of cartography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cartography

    The history of cartography refers to the development and consequences of cartography, or mapmaking technology, throughout human history. Maps have been one of the most important human inventions for millennia, allowing humans to explain and navigate their way through the world. When and how the earliest maps were made is unclear, but maps of ...

  4. Early world maps - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_world_maps

    Further information: List of historical maps and history of cartography. The earliest known world maps date to classical antiquity, the oldest examples of the 6th to 5th centuries BCE still based on the flat Earth paradigm. World maps assuming a spherical Earth first appear in the Hellenistic period. The developments of Greek geography during ...

  5. Historical geographic information system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_geographic...

    An especially prominent method is the digitization and georeferencing of historical maps. Old maps may contain valuable information about the past. By adding coordinates to such maps, they may be added as a feature layer to modern GIS data. This facilitates comparison of different map layers showing the geography at different times.

  6. Cartogram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartogram

    Each of the 15,266 pixels represents the home country of 500,000 people – cartogram by Max Roser for Our World in Data. A cartogram (also called a value-area map or an anamorphic map, the latter common among German-speakers) is a thematic map of a set of features (countries, provinces, etc.), in which their geographic size is altered to be ...

  7. Portolan chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portolan_chart

    The oldest original cartographic artifact in the Library of Congress: a portolan nautical chart of the Mediterranean Sea. Second quarter of the 14th century. Portolan charts are nautical charts, first made in the 13th century in the Mediterranean basin and later expanded to include other regions. The word portolan comes from the Italian ...

  8. Times Atlas of the World - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Atlas_of_the_World

    The Times Atlas of the World, rebranded The Times Atlas of the World: Comprehensive Edition in its 11th edition and The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World from its 12th edition, is a world atlas currently published by HarperCollins Publisher L.L.C. Its most recent edition, the sixteenth, was published on October 12th, 2023.

  9. History of longitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_longitude

    The history of longitude describes the centuries-long effort by astronomers, cartographers and navigators to discover a means of determining the longitude of any given place on Earth. The measurement of longitude is important to both cartography and navigation. In particular, for safe ocean navigation, knowledge of both latitude and longitude ...