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A goniometer is an instrument that either measures an angle or allows an object to be rotated to a precise angular position. The term goniometry derives from two Greek words, γωνία (gōnía) ' angle ' and μέτρον (métron) ' measure '. [1] The protractor is a commonly used type in the fields of mechanics, engineering, and geometry.
Scale of chords. A scale of chords may be used to set or read an angle in the absence of a protractor. To draw an angle, compasses describe an arc from origin with a radius taken from the 60 mark. The required angle is copied from the scale by the compasses, and an arc of this radius drawn from the sixty mark so it intersects the first arc.
The protractor head can be used for: Measuring and checking angles between surfaces, edges, and markings. Marking angles from an edge; Directly transferring angles, like a bevel gauge (sliding T gauge), to minimise measurement errors and inaccuracies. Measuring and marking angles relative to the horizontal by using the spirit level. [2]
Various scales and the protractor are used to measure the lengths of lines and angles, allowing accurate scale drawing to be carried out. The compass is used to draw arcs and circles. A drawing board was used to hold the drawing media in place; later boards included drafting machines that sped the layout of straight lines and angles.
The sum of the angles equals 90 degrees (22.5° +67.5°= 90°). It is also obvious from a visual check when using a protractor that where the instruments displays 22.5° is actually 67.5° on the protractor. Many newer slide miters and miter boxes display both angles. Some of the new calculators have a 0° and a 90° references.
Theodolite. A direct-readout theodolite, manufactured in the Soviet Union in 1958 and used for topographic surveying. A theodolite (/ θiˈɒdəˌlaɪt /) [1] is a precision optical instrument for measuring angles between designated visible points in the horizontal and vertical planes. The traditional use has been for land surveying, but it is ...