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The function () is defined on the interval [,].For a given , the difference () takes the maximum at ′.Thus, the Legendre transformation of () is () = ′ (′).. In mathematics, the Legendre transformation (or Legendre transform), first introduced by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1787 when studying the minimal surface problem, [1] is an involutive transformation on real-valued functions that are ...
In numerical analysis, Gauss–Legendre quadrature is a form of Gaussian quadrature for approximating the definite integral of a function. For integrating over the interval [−1, 1], the rule takes the form: where. n is the number of sample points used, wi are quadrature weights, and. xi are the roots of the n th Legendre polynomial.
The Lagrangian is thus a function on the jet bundle J over E; taking the fiberwise Legendre transform of the Lagrangian produces a function on the dual bundle over time whose fiber at t is the cotangent space T ∗ E t, which comes equipped with a natural symplectic form, and this latter function is the Hamiltonian.
The Legendre polynomials were first introduced in 1782 by Adrien-Marie Legendre [3] as the coefficients in the expansion of the Newtonian potential where r and r′ are the lengths of the vectors x and x′ respectively and γ is the angle between those two vectors. The series converges when r > r′.
Legendre transform (integral transform) In mathematics, Legendre transform is an integral transform named after the mathematician Adrien-Marie Legendre, which uses Legendre polynomials as kernels of the transform. Legendre transform is a special case of Jacobi transform . The Legendre transform of a function is [1] [2] [3]
A multifractal system is a generalization of a fractal system in which a single exponent (the fractal dimension) is not enough to describe its dynamics; instead, a continuous spectrum of exponents (the so-called singularity spectrum) is needed. [1] Multifractal systems are common in nature. They include the length of coastlines, mountain ...
In mathematics, the Gaussian or ordinary hypergeometric function 2F1 (a, b; c; z) is a special function represented by the hypergeometric series, that includes many other special functions as specific or limiting cases. It is a solution of a second-order linear ordinary differential equation (ODE).
Legendre form. In mathematics, the Legendre forms of elliptic integrals are a canonical set of three elliptic integrals to which all others may be reduced. Legendre chose the name elliptic integrals because [ 1] the second kind gives the arc length of an ellipse of unit semi-major axis and eccentricity (the ellipse being defined parametrically ...