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As little as 10 mL of pure methanol when drunk is metabolized into formic acid, which can cause permanent blindness by destruction of the optic nerve. 15 mL is potentially fatal, [1] although the median lethal dose is typically 100 mL (3.4 fl oz) (i.e. 1–2 mL/kg body weight of pure methanol). [4] Reference dose for methanol is 0.5 mg/kg/day. [9]
Immediate manifestations of caustic substance ingestions include erosions of mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract or airway (which can cause bleeding if the erosions extend to a blood vessel), mouth and tongue swelling, drooling or hypersalivation, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, dysphonia/aphonia, irritation of the eyes and skin.
There may also be skin irritations or chemical burns and eye irritation or conjunctivitis. A person with chlorine gas poisoning may also have nausea, vomiting, or a headache. [1] [2] [3] Chronic exposure to relatively low levels of chlorine gas may cause pulmonary problems like acute wheezing attacks, chronic cough with phlegm, and asthma. [2]
A person can only contract shingles if they touch the fluid from the rash blisters. ... Shingles can also affect the area around the eyes. If untreated for a while, this can cause permanent damage ...
Effects depend on the substance; hydrogen peroxide removes a bleached layer of skin, while nitric acid causes a characteristic color change to yellow in the skin, and silver nitrate produces noticeable black stains. Chemical burns may occur through direct contact on body surfaces, including skin and eyes, via inhalation, and/or by ingestion.
Chemical eye injury are due to either an acidic or alkali substance getting in the eye. [1] Alkalis are typically worse than acidic burns. [ 2 ] Mild burns will produce conjunctivitis while more severe burns may cause the cornea to turn white. [ 2 ]
Mercury poisoning is a type of metal poisoning due to exposure to mercury. [3] Symptoms depend upon the type, dose, method, and duration of exposure. [3] [4] They may include muscle weakness, poor coordination, numbness in the hands and feet, skin rashes, anxiety, memory problems, trouble speaking, trouble hearing, or trouble seeing. [1]
When the cornea dries out it may stick to the eyelid and cause an abrasion when the eye reopens. [11] Exposure keratitis. Chemical injury can occur if cleaning solutions such as povidone-iodine (Betadine), chlorhexidine or alcohol are inadvertently spilt into the eye, for example when the face, neck or shoulder is being prepped for surgery. [4] [1]