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Coronary ischemia, myocardial ischemia, [1] or cardiac ischemia, [2] is a medical term for abnormally reduced blood flow in the coronary circulation through the coronary arteries. [3] Coronary ischemia is linked to heart disease, and heart attacks. [4] Coronary arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. [5]
Levine's sign is a clenched fist held over the chest to describe ischemic chest pain. [1]It is named for Samuel A. Levine (1891–1966), an influential American cardiologist, who first observed that many patients with chest pain made this same sign to describe their symptoms.
Cardiac ischemia may be asymptomatic or may cause chest pain, known as angina pectoris. It occurs when the heart muscle, or myocardium, receives insufficient blood flow. [10] This most frequently results from atherosclerosis, which is the long-term accumulation of cholesterol-rich plaques in the coronary arteries.
In adults who go to the emergency department with an unclear cause of pain, about 30% have pain due to coronary artery disease. [29] Angina, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea or vomiting, and lightheadedness are signs of a heart attack or myocardial infarction, and immediate emergency medical services are crucial. [28]
Symptoms include chest pain or angina, shortness of breath, and fatigue. [6]A completely blocked coronary artery will cause a heart attack. [6] Common heart attack symptoms include chest pain or angina, pain or discomfort that spreads to the shoulder, arm, back, neck jaw, teeth or the upper belly, cold sweats, fatigue, heartburn, nausea, shortness of breath, or lightheadedness.
Abdominal pain. Shortness of breath. Fatigue. Pressure or heaviness in your chest. Sweating. Nausea or vomiting. Dizziness. Pain caused by a heart attack usually persists for more than 20 minutes ...
The terms atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis sound similar but are slightly different in meaning. Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis. It refers to the build-up of plaque in blood vessels.
Ischemic cardiomyopathy is a type of cardiomyopathy caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries which supply blood to the heart. [4] Typically, patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy have a history of acute myocardial infarction, [5] however, it may occur in patients with coronary artery disease, but without a past history of acute myocardial infarction.