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The high courts in Malaysia are the third-highest courts in the hierarchy of courts, after the Federal Court and the Court of Appeal.Article 121 of the Constitution of Malaysia provides that there shall be two high courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction—the High Court in Malaya and the High Court in Sabah and Sarawak (before 1994, the High Court in Borneo).
The Ministry of Law and Human Rights was established on 19 August 1945 as the Department of Justice (Departemen Kehakiman). [1]The preceding agency in the Dutch Colonial Era was Dutch: Departemen Van Justitie, based on Herdeland Yudie Staatblad No. 576.
The Judiciary of Indonesia constitutionally consists of the Supreme Court of Indonesia (Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia, abbreviated into MA), the Constitutional Court of Indonesia (Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia, abbreviated into MK), and the lesser court system under the Supreme Court.
The judiciary of Thailand (Thai: ฝ่ายตุลาการไทย; RTGS: Fai Tulakan Thai) is composed of four distinct systems: the Court of Justice, the Administrative Court, military courts, and the Constitutional Court of Thailand.
The position was established, along with the ministry, with the release of Law Number 2 of 1945 under the title Minister of Justice (Menteri Kehakiman). [3]The first minister, Soepomo, was announced on 19 August 1945, 2 days after Indonesia's independence. [2]
[11]: 94 Malacca, Penang, Sabah, and Sarawak have Governors [11]: 93, 105 (styled Yang di-Pertua Negeri) [1]: 175 appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and an executive Chief Minister or Ketua Menteri. [citation needed] Each state has its own constitution, which must conform with the principles of the national constitution.
The Palace of Justice (Malay: Istana Kehakiman, Jawi: ايستان کحاکيمن ) houses the Malaysian Court of Appeal and Federal Court, which moved to Putrajaya from the Sultan Abdul Samad Building in Kuala Lumpur in 2003. [1]
Kuala Lumpur remains as Malaysia's national capital city per the constitution and is still the seat of the head of state (Yang di-Pertuan Agong) and the national legislature (Parliament of Malaysia), as well as being the country's commercial and financial centre. The establishment of Putrajaya was the idea of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad.