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  2. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

    In particular, in these two identities an asymmetry appears that is not seen in the case of sums of finitely many angles: in each product, there are only finitely many sine factors but there are cofinitely many cosine factors. Terms with infinitely many sine factors would necessarily be equal to zero. When only finitely many of the angles are ...

  3. List of open-source software for mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_open-source...

    The precise uses and capabilities of these systems differ greatly from one system to another, yet their purpose remains the same: manipulation of symbolic equations. Computer algebra systems often include facilities for graphing equations and provide a programming language for the users' own procedures.

  4. Euler's formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_formula

    Many texts write φ = tan −1 ⁠ y / x ⁠ instead of φ = atan2(y, x), but the first equation needs adjustment when x ≤ 0. This is because for any real x and y , not both zero, the angles of the vectors ( x , y ) and (− x , − y ) differ by π radians, but have the identical value of tan φ = ⁠ y / x ⁠ .

  5. Hadamard factorization theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadamard_factorization_theorem

    The theorem may be viewed as an extension of the fundamental theorem of algebra, which asserts that every polynomial may be factored into linear factors, one for each root. It is closely related to Weierstrass factorization theorem , which does not restrict to entire functions with finite orders.

  6. Euclid's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid's_theorem

    If q is not prime, then some prime factor p divides q. If this factor p were in our list, then it would also divide P (since P is the product of every number in the list). If p divides P and q, then p must also divide the difference [3] of the two numbers, which is (P + 1) − P or just 1.

  7. Penrose tiling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_tiling

    The pattern represented by every finite patch of tiles in a Penrose tiling occurs infinitely many times throughout the tiling. They are quasicrystals: implemented as a physical structure a Penrose tiling will produce diffraction patterns with Bragg peaks and five-fold symmetry, revealing the repeated patterns and fixed orientations of its tiles ...

  8. Infinite product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_product

    The same criterion applies to products of arbitrary complex numbers (including negative reals) if the logarithm is understood as a fixed branch of logarithm which satisfies ⁡ =, with the provision that the infinite product diverges when infinitely many a n fall outside the domain of , whereas finitely many such a n can be ignored in the sum.

  9. Free Boolean algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Boolean_algebra

    The free Boolean algebra with κ generators, where κ is a finite or infinite cardinal number, may be realized as the collection of all clopen subsets of {0,1} κ, given the product topology assuming that {0,1} has the discrete topology. For each α<κ, the αth generator is the set of all elements of {0,1} κ whose αth coordinate is 1.