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  2. Hardy Cross method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy_Cross_method

    The Hardy Cross method is an adaptation of the Moment distribution method, which was also developed by Hardy Cross as a way to determine the forces in statically indeterminate structures. The introduction of the Hardy Cross method for analyzing pipe flow networks revolutionized municipal water supply design. Before the method was introduced ...

  3. Isolation valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_valve

    Some relief or pressure relief valves are ‘paired’ to provide a duty and a standby valve, the associated isolation valves are interlocked such that at least one relief valve is connected to the system being protected at all times. [5] A single valve may provide effective isolation between the live plant and the system being maintained ...

  4. Partial stroke testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_stroke_testing

    Partial stroke testing (or PST) is a technique used in a control system to allow the user to test a percentage of the possible failure modes of a shut down valve without the need to physically close the valve. PST is used to assist in determining that the safety function will operate on demand.

  5. B16 Standardization of Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Gaskets

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B16_Standardization_of...

    Membership on the B16 Standards Committee [1] and its Subordinate groups include a variety of representations from the field in various interest classifications. These interest classifications are; Manufacturer, Distributor, Material Manufacturer, Consumer/User, Designer/Constructor, Regulatory, Insurance/Inspection and General Interest.

  6. Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation...

    Double pipe heat exchanger Fixed straight tubes heat exchanger: U-shaped tubes heat exchanger Spiral heat exchanger Covered gas vent Curved gas vent Air filter: Funnel or tundish: Steam trap: Viewing glass Pressure reducing valve: Valve: Gate valve: Control valve: Manual valve Check valve: Needle valve: Butterfly valve: Diaphragm valve: Ball ...

  7. Downhole safety valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downhole_safety_valve

    This means that they are installed as a component of the completion string and run in during completion. Retrieving the valve, should it malfunction, requires a workover. The full name for this most common type of downhole safety valve is a Tubing Retrievable Surface Controlled Sub-Surface Valve, shortened in completion diagrams to TRSCSSV.

  8. Pilot-operated relief valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot-operated_relief_valve

    When the pilot valve reaches set pressure it opens and releases the pressure from the dome. The piston is then free to open and the main valve exhausts the system fluid. The control pilot opens either to the main valve exhaust pipe or to atmosphere. Snap acting At set pressure the valve snaps to full lift.

  9. Wave method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_Method

    A pressure wave, which represents a rapid pressure and associated flow change, travels at sonic velocity for the liquid pipe medium, and the wave is partially transmitted and reflected at all discontinuities in the pipe system (pipe junctions, pumps, open or closed ends, surge tanks, etc.)