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Hermann Gunkel (German:; 23 May 1862 – 11 March 1932), a German Old Testament scholar, founded form criticism. [1] He also became a leading representative of the history of religions school. [2] His major works cover Genesis and the Psalms, and his major interests centered on the oral tradition behind written sources and in folklore.
Hermann Gunkel categorized ten psalms by their subject matter of kingship as royal psalms. Specifically, the royal psalms deal with the spiritual role of kings in the worship of Yahweh . Aside from that single qualification, there is nothing else which specifically links the ten psalms.
Form criticism as a method of biblical criticism classifies units of scripture by literary pattern and then attempts to trace each type to its period of oral transmission. [1] [failed verification] "Form criticism is the endeavor to get behind the written sources of the Bible to the period of oral tradition, and to isolate the oral forms that went into the written sources.
In broad terms, Gunkel strongly advocated a view of the Psalms which focused on the two notable names for God occurring therein: Yahweh (JHWH sometimes called tetragrammaton) and Elohim. The schools of Psalm writing springing therefrom were termed Yahwist and Elohist. Mowinckel's approach to the Psalms differed quite a bit from Gunkel's.
The Book of Psalms (/ s ɑː (l) m z /, US also / s ɔː (l) m z /; [1] Biblical Hebrew: תְּהִלִּים , romanized: Tehillīm, lit. 'praises'; Ancient Greek: Ψαλμός, romanized: Psalmós; Latin: Liber Psalmorum; Arabic: زَبُورُ, romanized: Zabūr), also known as the Psalter, is the first book of the third section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) called Ketuvim ('Writings ...
Psalm 12 is the twelfth psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: ... Gunkel divides the psalm as follows: [14] Verses 2-2: After a ...
According to Hermann Gunkel, there are many genres of Psalms including: Hymns, Communal Laments, Individual Laments, Individual Song of Thanksgiving, Wisdom Poems, Pilgrimage Songs and Liturgies. [5] Several of the Psalms of Asaph are categorized as communal laments because they are concerned for the well being of a whole community of people.
Psalm 104 is the 104th psalm of the Book of Psalms, [1] beginning in Hebrew "ברכי נפשי" ... Hermann Gunkel, Die Psalmen (1925, 6th ed. 1986), pp. 447ff.;