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Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are some of the earliest known sites of human habitation in Canada. The characteristics of Indigenous cultures in Canada prior to Europen colonization included permanent settlements, [8] agriculture, [9] civic and ceremonial architecture, [10] complex societal hierarchies, and trading networks. [11]
First Nations (French: Premières Nations) is a term used to identify Indigenous peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. [2][3] Traditionally, First Nations in Canada were peoples who lived south of the tree line, and mainly south of the Arctic Circle. There are 634 recognized First Nations governments or bands across Canada. [4]
These people traditionally used tipis covered with skins as their homes. Their main sustenance was the bison, which they used as food, as well as for all their garments.The leaders of some Plains tribes wore large headdresses made of feathers, something which is wrongfully attributed by some to all First Nations peoples.
The Native Council of Canada was founded in 1971 as a pan-Indigenous umbrella group that included member organizations that represented all off-reserve First Nations as well as the Métis. In 1983, many of its Western Metis members split off to form the Métis National Council .
The Squamish people (Squamish: Skwxwúʔmesh listen ⓘ, historically transliterated as Sko-ko-mish) are an indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast. [1] Archaeological evidence shows they have lived in the area for more than a thousand years. [2] In 2012, there was population of 3,893 band members registered with the Squamish Nation. [3]
Algonquin territory circa 1800 in green. The Algonquin people are an Indigenous people who now live in Eastern Canada. They speak the Algonquin language, which is part of the Algonquian language family. [1] Culturally and linguistically, they are closely related to the Odawa, Potawatomi, Ojibwe (including Oji-Cree), Mississaugas, and Nipissing ...
The Irish population, meanwhile, witnessed steady, slowing population growth during the late 19th and early 20th century, with the proportion of the total Canadian population dropping from 24.3 percent in 1871 to 12.6 percent in 1921 and falling from the second-largest ethnic group in Canada from to fourth − principally due to massive ...
There is no generally accepted definition of Indigenous peoples, [a] [1] [2] [3] although in the 21st century the focus has been on self-identification, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territory, and an experience of subjugation and discrimination under a dominant cultural model.