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Papua New Guinea, [note 1] officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, [13][note 2] is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia).
New Guinea located in relation to Melanesia. Papua New Guinea map of Köppen climate classification. New Guinea is an island to the north of the Australian mainland, south of the equator. It is isolated by the Arafura Sea to the west, and the Torres Strait and Coral Sea to the east.
Physical geography. New Guinea's topography. Papua New Guinea has a total area of 462,840 km 2 (178,700 sq mi), of which 452,860 km 2 (174,850 sq mi) is land and 9,980 km 2 (3,850 sq mi) is water. This makes it the 3rd largest island country in the world. [1] Its coastline is 5,152 km (3,201 mi) long. [citation needed]
Papua New Guinea's Western Province averages one person per square kilometer (3 per sq. mi.). The Simbu Province in the New Guinea highlands averages 20 persons per square kilometer (52 persons/sq mi) and has areas containing up to 200 people farming a square kilometer of land. The highlands have 40% of the population.
The indigenous peoples of Western New Guinea in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, commonly called Papuans, [1] are Melanesians.There is genetic evidence for two major historical lineages in New Guinea and neighboring islands: a first wave from the Malay Archipelago perhaps 50,000 years ago when New Guinea and Australia were a single landmass called Sahul and, much later, a wave of Austronesian ...
Haplogroup M is the most frequently occurring Y-chromosome haplogroup in Western New Guinea. [61] In a 2005 study of Papua New Guinea's ASPM gene variants, Mekel-Bobrov et al. found that the Papuan people have among the highest rate of the newly evolved ASPM haplogroup D, at 59.4% occurrence of the approximately 6,000-year-old allele. [62]
Enga is one of the provinces in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Enga is geographically situated in the northern region of Papua New Guinea and was separated from the adjacent Western Highlands at the time of national independence in 1975. The majority ethnic group are Engans. [3] Approximately 500,000 people live within the province, which has one ...
History of Papua New Guinea. The prehistory of Papua New Guinea can be traced to about 50,000–60,000 years ago, when people first migrated towards the Australian continent. The written history began when European navigators first sighted New Guinea in the early part of the 17th century.