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A telomere (/ ˈ t ɛ l ə m ɪər, ˈ t iː l ə-/; from Ancient Greek τέλος (télos) ' end ' and μέρος (méros) ' part ') is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Telomeres are a widespread genetic feature most commonly found in eukaryotes.
This protein is one of six core proteins in the telosome/shelterin telomeric complex, which functions to maintain telomere length and to protect telomere ends. Through its interaction with other components, this protein plays a key role in the assembly and stabilization of this complex, and it mediates the access of telomerase to the telomere ...
When the cell does this due to telomere-shortening, the ends of different chromosomes can be attached to each other. This solves the problem of lacking telomeres, but during cell division anaphase, the fused chromosomes are randomly ripped apart, causing many mutations and chromosomal abnormalities. As this process continues, the cell's genome ...
In general, TERRA has been shown to be most abundant in cells with long telomeres, [2] [3] while cells with short telomeres express comparatively lower levels of transcript expression. There is also evidence that overexpression of TERRA in human cells can help promote telomere processing by inhibiting the 5'-3' exonuclease Exo1 through the Ku70 ...
They then used α factor to block cells with induced short telomeres in late G1 phase and measured the change in telomere length when the cells were released under a variety of conditions. They found that when the cells were released and concurrently treated with nocodazole , a G2/M phase cell cycle inhibitor, telomere length increased for the ...
She now studies the role of telomerase and telomeres in lung disease and cancer. [3] Her lab has identified the genetic basis, natural history and clinical implications of the telomere syndromes. She founded and oversees the Telomere Clinic which provides multi-disciplinary care to patients with telomere syndromes.
Dyskeratosis congenita (DKC), also known as Zinsser-Engman-Cole syndrome, is a rare progressive congenital disorder with a highly variable phenotype. [3] The entity was classically defined by the triad of abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, and leukoplakia of the oral mucosa, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but these components do not always occur. [3]
Geron Corporation has sponsored human clinical trials of several potential anti-cancer products. Imetelstat (GRN163L) is a drug that targets telomerase. [13] In studies conducted at Johns Hopkins University, GRN163L was active against both CD138+ and CD138neg cancer stem cells and eliminated the colony forming potential of both by five weeks. [14]