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Hemolyses of Streptococcus spp. (left) α-hemolysis (S. mitis); (middle) β-hemolysis (S. pyogenes); (right) γ-hemolysis (non-hemolytic, S. salivarius) Hemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells. The ability of bacterial colonies to induce hemolysis when grown on blood agar is used to classify certain microorganisms.
Proteus species do not usually ferment lactose. Similar to other members of the Enterobacterales order, bacteria from the Proteus genus are glucose fermenting, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, and nitrate-positive. Glucose fermentation in this species can be demonstrated through the triple sugar iron test.
Morganella morganii is a species of Gram-negative bacteria. [2] It has a commensal relationship within the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as normal flora. [ 2 ] Although M. morganii has a wide distribution, it is considered an uncommon cause of community-acquired infection, and it is most often encountered in postoperative ...
The swarming capability of Proteus mirabilis is important because it is implicated in the pathogenesis of the bacteria and the swarming capability is associated with the bacteria's ability to express virulence factors [9] Proteus mirabilis has a very characteristic bulls-eye appearance on an agar plate due to the regular periodic cycling ...
The Proteus penneri group of bacteria was named in 1982. It reclassified a group of strains formerly known as Proteus vulgaris biogroup 1. [6] In 1978, Brenner et al. showed through DNA hybridization studies that P. vulgaris was a heterogenous species. [7]
One particular feature of this type of motility is the formation of dendritic fractal-like patterns formed by migrating swarms moving away from an initial location. Although the majority of species can produce tendrils when swarming, some species like Proteus mirabilis do form concentric circles motif instead of dendritic patterns. [19]
R2A agar, a nonspecific medium, imitates water, so is used for water analysis. Tryptic (trypticase) soy agar (TSA) is a general-purpose medium produced by enzymatic digestion of soybean meal and casein. It is frequently the base medium of other agar types; for example, blood agar plates are made by enriching TSA plates with blood.
Where available, the need to identify immune reactors can be avoided by first inoculating the sample onto differential agar like Staphylococcus Medium 110, [19] which inhibit the growth of non-staphylococcal bacteria. Cytology alone does not allow for the differentiation between different species in the Staphylococcus genus.