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"A Mission Record of the California Indians". University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology. 8 (1): 1– 27. Lippy, Charles H. (1985). Bibliography of Religion in the South. Mercer University Press, Macon, GA. McKanna, Clare Vernon (2002). Race and Homicide in Nineteenth-Century California. University of Nevada ...
Both the moderate Enlightenment and a radical or revolutionary Enlightenment were reactions against the authoritarianism, irrationality, and obscurantism of the established churches. Philosophers such as Voltaire depicted organized religion as hostile to the development of reason and the progress of science and incapable of verification.
Enlightenment era religious commentary was a response to the preceding century of religious conflict in Europe, especially the Thirty Years' War. [74] Theologians of the Enlightenment wanted to reform their faith to its generally non-confrontational roots and to limit the capacity for religious controversy to spill over into politics and ...
The Enlightenment constituted a new challenge of the Church. Unlike the Protestant Reformation, which questioned certain Christian doctrines, the Enlightenment questioned Christianity as a whole. Generally, it elevated human reason above divine revelation and down-graded religious authorities such as the papacy based on it [6]
As the more radical implications of the scientific and cultural influences of the Enlightenment began to be felt in the Protestant churches, especially in the 19th century, Liberal Christianity, exemplified especially by numerous theologians in Germany in the 19th century, sought to bring the churches alongside of the broad revolution that modernism represented.
The bottom line is that the definition of the middle class in California has undergone a seismic shift in recent years, driven by the rising cost of living for everything from food to rent ...
Both emphasized the importance of shaping young minds early. By the late Enlightenment, there was a rising demand for a more universal approach to education, particularly after the American and French Revolutions. Enlightenment children were taught to memorize facts through oral and graphical methods that originated during the Renaissance. [5]
On an average middle-class income, many workers struggle to fund a retirement plan to begin with, let alone save a higher percentage of their salary than the typical worker.