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The minority view that chaturanga developed from a form of xiangqi implies such an evolution, but it is also logical to assume such a move as the case for an Indian proto-chaturanga. Mantri (minister); also known as senapati (general): moves one step diagonally in any direction, like the fers in shatranj.
c. 720 – Chess spreads across the Islamic world from Persia. c. 840 – Earliest surviving chess problems by Caliph Billah of Baghdad. c. 900 – Entry on Chess in the Chinese work Huan Kwai Lu ('Book of Marvels'). 997 – Versus de scachis is the earliest known work mentioning chess in Christian Western Europe. [2]
The history of chess can be traced back nearly 1,500 years to its earliest known predecessor, called chaturanga, in India; its prehistory is the subject of speculation. From India it spread to Persia , where it was modified in terms of shapes and rules and developed into Shatranj .
The rules of chaturanga seen in India today have enormous variation, but all involve four branches (angas) of the army: the horse (knight), the elephant (bishop), the chariot (rook) and the foot soldier (pawn), played on an 8×8 board. Shatranj adapted much of the same rules as chaturanga, and also the basic 16-piece structure.
The ferz is a very old piece, appearing in chaturanga and shatranj, the ancestors of all chess variants; it also featured in games such as Tamerlane chess. The ferz was a standard chess piece until the modern moves of queen and bishop were developed around the 15th century, with the ferz being replaced by the former.
Forbes developed this idea in his 1860 book The History of Chess, accepting the 3000 BC dating of the Purana. [6] [7] In Forbes's explanation, the four-handed dice version is called Chaturanga, and Forbes insists that Chaturaji is a misnomer that actually refers to a victory condition in the game akin to checkmate. In his 1860 account, the ...
The ancient Indian Brahmin mathematician Sissa (also spelt Sessa or Sassa and also known as Sissa ibn Dahir or Lahur Sessa) is a mythical character from India, known for the invention of chaturanga, the Indian predecessor of chess, and the wheat and chessboard problem he would have presented to the king when he was asked what reward he'd like for that invention.
The recorded history of chess goes back at least to the emergence of chaturanga—also thought to be an ancestor to similar games like xiangqi and shogi —in seventh-century India. After its introduction in Persia, it spread to the Arab world and then to Europe. The modern rules of chess emerged in Europe at the end of the 15th century, with ...