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The Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults, commonly called the Beers List, [1] are guidelines published by the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) for healthcare professionals to help improve the safety of prescribing medications for adults 65 years and older in all except palliative settings.
Methylephedrine, sold under the brand name Metheph among others, is a sympathomimetic medication described as an antiasthmatic agent and used to treat coughing and nasal congestion. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 1 ] It is reported to be used in various over-the-counter cough and cold preparations throughout the world, including Japan .
The guideline is as follows: [2] Step 1-2: Symptoms less than 4–5 days a week. Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids and formoterol combination therapy when required; Step 3: Symptoms most days, or waking with asthma once a week or more . Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids and formoterol maintenance therapy
Levmetamfetamine, also known as l-desoxyephedrine or levomethamphetamine, and commonly sold under the brand name Vicks VapoInhaler among others, is an optical isomer of methamphetamine primarily used as a topical nasal decongestant. [2]
Some cough medicines may be no more effective than placebos for acute coughs in adults, including coughs related to upper respiratory tract infections. [7] The American College of Chest Physicians emphasizes that cough medicines are not designed to treat whooping cough , a cough that is caused by bacteria and can last for months. [ 8 ]
A decongestant, or nasal decongestant, is a type of pharmaceutical drug that is used to relieve nasal congestion in the upper respiratory tract.The active ingredient in most decongestants is either pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine (the latter of which has disputed effectiveness).
As a cough suppressant, the polistirex version lasts up to 12 hours. This duration also holds true when used recreationally. In 1981, a paper by Gosselin estimated that the lethal dose is between 50 and 500 mg/kg. Doses as high as 15–20 mg/kg are taken by some recreational users.
Propylhexedrine is used to treat acute nasal congestion related to the common cold, allergies, and hay fever.For nasal congestion, the dosage is listed as four inhalations (two inhalations per nostril) every two hours for adults and children 6–12 years of age.