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Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GA3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is a metabolite that occurs as an intermediate in several central pathways of all organisms. [2] [3] With the chemical formula H(O)CCH(OH)CH 2 OPO 3 2-, this anion is a monophosphate ester of ...
The first reaction is the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) at the position-1 (in the diagram it is shown as the 4th carbon from glycolysis), in which an aldehyde is converted into a carboxylic acid (ΔG°'=-50 kJ/mol (−12kcal/mol)) and NAD+ is simultaneously reduced endergonically to NADH.
Fasting simply means to abstain from food or drink for a period of time - though water and zero-calorie beverages such as tea or black coffee are often permitted.
Impaired fasting glucose is often without any signs or symptoms, other than higher than normal glucose levels being detected in an individual's fasting blood sample.There may be signs and symptoms associated with elevated blood glucose, though these are likely to be minor, with significant symptoms suggestive of complete progression to type 2 diabetes.
Fasting prior to glucose testing may be required with some test types. Fasting blood sugar test, for example, requires 10–16 hour-long period of not eating before the test. [1] Blood sugar levels can be affected by some drugs and prior to some glucose tests these medications should be temporarily given up or their dosages should be decreased.
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(B) fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, splitting the C6-molecule into two triose phosphates (C) triosephosphate isomerase, interconverting DHAP and GAP. (D) glycerol pathway reducing DHAP to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) by G3P dehydrogenase, followed by dephosphorylation to glycerol by G3Pase. (E) The lower part of glycolysis converts GAP to ...
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.2.1.9) (GAPN) is an enzyme that irreversibly catalyzes the oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG or 3-PGA) using the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. GAPN is used in a variant of glycolysis that conserves energy as NADPH rather than as ATP. The NADPH and 3-PG ...