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The American hazelnut grows to a height of roughly 2.5 to 5 m (8 to 16 ft), [6] with a crown spread of 3 to 4.5 m (10 to 15 ft). It is a medium to large shrub, which under some conditions can take the like of a small tree. It is often multi-stemmed with long outward growing branches that form a dense spreading or spherical shape.
Corylus avellana, the common hazel, is a species of flowering plant in the birch family Betulaceae. The shrubs usually grow 3–8 metres (10–26 feet) tall. The nut is round, in contrast to the longer filbert nut. Common hazel is native to Europe and Western Asia. The species is mainly cultivated for its nuts.
Corylus cornuta var. cornuta – Eastern beaked hazel. Small shrub, 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) tall; [7] 'beak' longer, 3 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) or more. Occurs from 100–500 m (330–1,640 ft) throughout its range, and up to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in Alberta. [7] Corylus cornuta var. californica – Western beaked hazel or California hazelnut.
The state produces 99% of the nation's filberts or hazelnuts, with the preferred name depending on who you ask. Oregon's state nut has two different names. Why is that?
Cracked hazelnut shell displaying the edible seed Hazelnut tree, Turkey. A hazelnut cob is roughly spherical to oval, about 15–25 millimetres (5 ⁄ 8 –1 inch) long and 10–15 mm (3 ⁄ 8 – 5 ⁄ 8 in) in diameter, with an outer fibrous husk surrounding a smooth shell, while a filbert is more elongated, being about twice as long as its diameter.
The filbert nut is edible, and is very similar to the hazelnut (cobnut). Its main use in the United States is as large filler (along with peanuts as small filler) in most containers of mixed nuts. Filberts are sometimes grown in orchards for the nuts, but much less often than the common hazel. [3] [4]
The common hazel (Corylus avellana) and the filbert (Corylus maxima) are important orchard plants, grown for their edible nuts. The other genera include a number of popular ornamental trees , widely planted in parks and large gardens; several of the birches are particularly valued for their smooth, brightly coloured bark .
In the Grimm tale "Cinderella", a hazel branch is planted by the protagonist at her mother's grave and grows into a tree that is the site where the girl's wishes are granted by birds. [19] The Russian Oreshnik (Russian: Орешник, lit. 'Hazel tree') missile is named for the Hazel tree. [20]