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The Irish slave trade began to decline after William the Conqueror consolidated control of the English and Welsh coasts around 1080, and was dealt a severe blow when the Normans abolished slavery in 1102. [13][9][12][14] The 1171 Council of Armagh freed all Englishmen and women who were enslaved in Ireland. [15]
The history of slavery in the Muslim world began with institutions inherited from pre-Islamic Arabia. [1][2][3][4] Throughout Muslim history slaves served in various social and economic roles, from powerful emirs to harshly treated manual laborers. Slaves were widely employed in irrigation, mining, and animal husbandry, but most commonly as ...
Slavery in medieval Europe was widespread. Europe and North Africa were part of a highly interconnected trade network across the Mediterranean Sea, and this included slave trading. During the medieval period (500–1500), wartime captives were commonly forced into slavery. As European kingdoms transitioned to feudal societies, a different legal ...
Slavery in the Ottoman Empire was a major institution and a significant part of the Ottoman Empire 's economy and traditional society. [1] The main sources of slaves were wars and politically organized enslavement expeditions in the Caucasus, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Central Europe, Southeast Europe, the Western Mediterranean and Africa.
Domestic servant. Vagabond. Serf / Villein / Bordar / Cottar. Slave. v. t. e. Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery.
Serfdom developed in Eastern Europe after the Black Death epidemics of the mid-14th century, which stopped the eastward migration. The resulting high land-to-labour ratio - combined with Eastern Europe's vast, sparsely populated areas - gave the lords an incentive to bind the remaining peasantry to their land.
However some limited cases of slavery continued until the 17th century in some of France's Mediterranean harbours in Provence, as well as until the 18th century in some of France's overseas territories. [ 22 ] Most aspects of serfdom are also eliminated de facto between 1315 and 1318. [ 23 ] 1318.
After gradually implementing anti-slavery measures in the western and southern regions, Polverel abolished slavery there as well on 31 October. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Although Sonthonax and Polverel were both abolitionists, they had not come to Saint-Domingue with the intention of abolishing slavery in the colony, having recieved no such orders from the ...