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  2. Self-actualization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualization

    Carl Rogers used the term "self-actualization" to describe something distinct from the concept developed by Maslow: the actualization of the individual's sense of 'self.' [34] In Rogers' theory of person-centered therapy, self-actualization is the ongoing process of maintaining and enhancing the individual's self-concept through reflection ...

  3. Humanistic psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology

    Humanistic psychology. Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective that arose in the mid-20th century in answer to two theories: Sigmund Freud 's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner 's behaviorism. [ 1 ] Thus, Abraham Maslow established the need for a "third force" in psychology. [ 2 ] The school of thought of humanistic psychology ...

  4. Carl Rogers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogers

    Carl Ransom Rogers (January 8, 1902 – February 4, 1987) was an American psychologist who was one of the founders of humanistic psychology and was known especially for his person-centered psychotherapy. Rogers is widely considered one of the founding fathers of psychotherapy research and was honored for his pioneering research with the Award ...

  5. Actualizing tendency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actualizing_tendency

    The actualizing tendency is a fundamental element of Carl Rogers' theory of person-centered therapy (PCT) (also known as client-centered therapy). Rogers' theory is predicated on an individual's innate capacity to decide his/her own best directions in life, provided his/her circumstances are conducive to this, based on the organism's "universal need to drive or self-maintain, flourish, self ...

  6. Four stages of competence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_stages_of_competence

    The four stages of competence arranged as a pyramid. In psychology, the four stages of competence, or the "conscious competence" learning model, relates to the psychological states involved in the process of progressing from incompetence to competence in a skill. People may have several skills, some unrelated to each other, and each skill will ...

  7. Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs

    Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often represented as a pyramid, with the more basic needs at the bottom. [1] [2] Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review. [1]

  8. Self-esteem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-esteem

    Self-esteem is confidence in one's own worth, abilities, or morals. Self-esteem encompasses beliefs about oneself (for example, "I am loved", "I am worthy") as well as emotional states, such as triumph, despair, pride, and shame. [1] Smith and Mackie define it by saying "The self-concept is what we think about the self; self-esteem, is the ...

  9. Unconditional positive regard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconditional_positive_regard

    Unconditional positive regard. Unconditional positive regard, a concept initially developed by Stanley Standal in 1954, [1] later expanded and popularized by the humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers in 1956, is the basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does, especially in the context of client-centred ...