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In mathematics, a unit circle is a circle of unit radius —that is, a radius of 1. [1] Frequently, especially in trigonometry, the unit circle is the circle of radius 1 centered at the origin (0, 0) in the Cartesian coordinate system in the Euclidean plane.
In mathematics, a unit sphere is a sphere of unit radius: the set of points at Euclidean distance 1 from some center point in three-dimensional space. More generally, the unit -sphere is an -sphere of unit radius in - dimensional Euclidean space; the unit circle is a special case, the unit -sphere in the plane.
In mathematics, the circle group, denoted by or , is the multiplicative group of all complex numbers with absolute value 1, that is, the unit circle in the complex plane or simply the unit complex numbers[1] The circle group forms a subgroup of , the multiplicative group of all nonzero complex numbers. Since is abelian, it follows ...
The concept of unit circle (the set of all vectors of norm 1) is different in different norms: for the 1-norm, the unit circle is a square oriented as a diamond; for the 2-norm (Euclidean norm), it is the well-known unit circle; while for the infinity norm, it is an axis-aligned square.
Consider the unit circle circumscribed by a square of side length 2. The transformation sends the circle to an ellipse by stretching or shrinking the horizontal and vertical diameters to the major and minor axes of the ellipse. The square gets sent to a rectangle circumscribing the ellipse. The ratio of the area of the circle to the square is ...
Imperial units. 3.937008 × 10 −9 in. Planck units. 6.187 × 1024 lP. The angstrom[1][2][3][4] (/ ˈæŋstrəm /; [3][5][6] ANG-strəm[5]) is a unit of length equal to 10−10 m; that is, one ten- billionth of a metre, a hundred-millionth of a centimetre, [7] 0.1 nanometre, or 100 picometres. The unit is named after the Swedish physicist ...
The unit circle is the Cayley absolute that determines a metric on the disk through use of cross-ratio in the style of the Cayley–Klein metric. In the language of differential geometry, the circular arcs perpendicular to the unit circle are geodesics that show the shortest distance between points in the model.
All of the trigonometric functions of the angle θ (theta) can be constructed geometrically in terms of a unit circle centered at O. Sine function on unit circle (top) and its graph (bottom) In this illustration, the six trigonometric functions of an arbitrary angle θ are represented as Cartesian coordinates of points related to the unit circle.