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The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β 1 adrenoceptor), also known as ADRB1, can refer to either the protein-encoding gene (gene ADRB1) or one of the four adrenergic receptors. [5] It is a G-protein coupled receptor associated with the Gs heterotrimeric G-protein that is expressed predominantly in cardiac tissue. In addition to cardiac tissue, beta ...
Metoprolol is a beta blocker, or an antagonist of the β-adrenergic receptors. It is specifically a selective antagonist of the β 1 -adrenergic receptor and has no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. [37] Metoprolol exerts its effects by blocking the action of certain neurotransmitters, specifically adrenaline and noradrenaline.
[4] β 2-adrenergic receptors are located mainly in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, uterus, vascular smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle. [4] β 3-adrenergic receptors are located in fat cells. [5] Beta receptors are found on cells of the heart muscles, smooth muscles, airways, arteries, kidneys, and other tissues that are part of the ...
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β 2) agonists and alpha-2 (α 2) agonists, which are used to treat high blood ...
Adrenergic blocking agent. Adrenergic blocking agents are a class of drugs that exhibit its pharmacological action through inhibiting the action of the sympathetic nervous system [1] in the body. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is an autonomic nervous system that we cannot control by will. It triggers a series of responses after the body ...
Beta-blockers can block beta-1 adrenergic receptors and/or beta-2 adrenergic receptors. Those that block beta-1-adrenergic receptors prevent the binding of endogenous catecholamines (such as epinephrine and norepinephrine), which ultimately reduces blood pressure through decreasing renin and cardiac output release.
Class II agents are conventional beta blockers. They act by blocking the effects of catecholamines at the β 1-adrenergic receptors, thereby decreasing sympathetic activity on the heart, which reduces intracellular cAMP levels and hence reduces Ca 2+ influx. These agents are particularly useful in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardias.
Bisoprolol. Bisoprolol, sold under the brand name Zebeta among others, is a beta blocker which is selective for the beta-1 receptor [ 7 ] and used for cardiovascular diseases, [ 7 ] including tachyarrhythmias, high blood pressure, angina, and heart failure. [ 7 ][ 8 ] It is taken by mouth. [ 7 ]