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The reason dark energy can have such a profound effect on the universe, making up 68% of universal density in spite of being so dilute, is that it is believed to uniformly fill otherwise empty space. The vacuum energy, that is, the particle-antiparticle pairs generated and mutually annihilated within a time frame in accord with Heisenberg's ...
The first class consists of void finders that try to find empty regions of space based on local galaxy density. [28] The second class are those which try to find voids via the geometrical structures in the dark matter distribution as suggested by the galaxies. [29]
Dark energy does not exist, some scientists have claimed – which could help get rid of one of the universe’s biggest mysteries. ... Clocks would tick faster in empty space than they would in a ...
[6] [7] [8] The cosmological constant Λ is the simplest possible explanation for dark energy, and is used in the standard model of cosmology known as the ΛCDM model. According to quantum field theory (QFT), which underlies modern particle physics, empty space is defined by the vacuum state, which is composed of a collection of quantum fields.
With dark energy, the expansion rate of the universe initially slows down, due to the effect of gravity, but eventually increases. The ultimate fate of the universe is the same as that of an open universe in the sense that space will continue expanding forever. A flat universe can have zero total energy. [16]
Dark energy is one of the greatest mysteries in science today. One of the simplest explanations is that it is a “cosmological constant” – a result of the energy of empty space itself – an ...
This would indicate empty space exerted some form of negative pressure or energy. There is no natural candidate for what might cause what has been called dark energy but the current best guess is that it is the zero-point energy of the vacuum, but this guess is known to be off by 120 orders of magnitude. [138]
Using the upper limit of the cosmological constant, the vacuum energy of free space has been estimated to be 10 −9 joules (10 −2 ergs), or ~5 GeV per cubic meter. [3] However, in quantum electrodynamics , consistency with the principle of Lorentz covariance and with the magnitude of the Planck constant suggests a much larger value of 10 113 ...