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James Nairne proposed one of the first unitary theories, which criticized Alan Baddeley's working memory model, [2] which is the dominant theory of the functions of short-term memory. Other theories since Nairne have been proposed; they highlight alternative mechanisms that the working memory model initially overlooked.
Semantic memory allows the encoding of abstract knowledge about the world, such as "Paris is the capital of France". Episodic memory, on the other hand, is used for more personal memories, such as the sensations, emotions, and personal associations of a particular place or time. Episodic memories often reflect the "firsts" in life such as a ...
The term "decay theory" was first coined by Edward Thorndike in his book The Psychology of Learning in 1914. [3] This simply states that if a person does not access and use the memory representation they have formed the memory trace will fade or decay over time.
Baddeley's model of the phonological loop. The phonological loop (or articulatory loop) as a whole deals with sound or phonological information.It consists of two parts: a short-term phonological store with auditory memory traces that are subject to rapid decay and an articulatory rehearsal component (sometimes called the articulatory loop) that can revive the memory traces.
Baddeley and Hitch's model of working memory. In 1974 Baddeley and Hitch [11] introduced the multicomponent model of working memory.The theory proposed a model containing three components: the central executive, the phonological loop, and the visuospatial sketchpad with the central executive functioning as a control center of sorts, directing info between the phonological and visuospatial ...
Hering and Semon developed general theories of memory, the latter inventing the idea of the engram and concomitant processes of engraphy and ecphory. Semon divided memory into genetic memory and central nervous memory. [7] This 19th-century view is not wholly dead, albeit that it stands in stark contrast to the ideas of neo-Darwinism. In modern ...
The interference theory is a theory regarding human memory. Interference occurs in learning. Interference occurs in learning. The notion is that memories encoded in long-term memory (LTM) are forgotten and cannot be retrieved into short-term memory (STM) because either memory could interfere with the other. [ 1 ]
Memory is a complex system that relies on interactions between many distinct parts of the brain. In order to fully understand memory, researchers must cumulate evidence from human, animal, and developmental research in order to make broad theories about how memory works. Intraspecies comparisons are key.